Object-oriented Programming and Data Member

Lab Task Q1: Create a class that includes a data member that holds a â€Å"serial number† for each object created from the class. That is, the first object created will be numbered 1, the second 2, and so on. To do this, you’ll need another data member that records a count of how many objects have been created so far. (This member should apply to the class as a whole; not to individual objects. What keyword specifies this? ) Then, as each object is created, its constructor can examine this count member variable to determine the appropriate serial number for the new object.Add a member function that permits an object to report its own serial number. Then write a main() program that creates three objects and queries each one about its serial number. They should respond I am object number 2, and so on. Use copy constructor for this task both deep and shallow copy. Q2: Create a class calculator. It would have two data members, both integer types. There would be four functio ns add(), sub(), mul() and div(). The mul() and div() functions would be friend functions. Create four objects of the class. Also use copy constructor both shallow and deep copy.There would be a static data member which would count the number of objects. Q3: Create a class GPACalculator. This class would have gpa, cgpa, sessionalMarks, midMarks and finalMarks data members. There would be two functions calculateGPA() and calculateCGPA(). calculateCGPA() would be friend function. You need to create an array of GPACalculator class. The array would be of 5. You also need to give the user option of whether he wants to calculate gpa or cgpa. The grades are as follows: 50 and 53 and 57 and 61 and 64 and 68 and 72 and 75 and 80 and 86 and

Bad Girl Movie as a Spin Off of the Batman Franchise

In bringing out the idea of morality, choice and idealism, script writers of Catwoman and Batman franchise movies delve deep into the character and weigh options on how these ideals can be pragmatically realized to blend well in the film, while highlighting the suspension of disbelief on the audiences on comic book film. The script writers strive to narrate stories in fictitious ways which can at the same time be comprehended as commentary on today’s right and wrong on a morally challenged world.The idea of a bad girl movie as a spin off of the batman franchise is a good one in the sense that it attempts to push for women empowerment unwillingly to be accepted in the patriarchal society today. It was also a bold move to break the monopoly experienced in screens of bad guys depicting male chauvinism in society and opens doors in the sequence of the sexually enticing adversary (Burton 1992). Bad girl character illuminates the female character who uses her charm to disarm, and th rough wit strike the opponents as they are not the type of criminal they are used to chasing.In this case the female audience can relate to or see their other side of the coin while the male audience lust for her entices. The comic movies of the Catwoman, the female character enables the female audience associate with rather than in the classical movies where there is the masculinity theme-woman awaiting the hero to rescue her. Catwoman movies are important in the women empowerment, raising the societal consciousness. In this case the ladies do not have to suppress their potential consciousness in the favour of male characters.As villain in the film the bad girl brings out the element of reality with the wickedness which to viewers may be sweet or awesome and associating with takes the fiction to the level of plausibility (Novi 2004). This is imperative in the contemporary society in the easing the degenerative culture in respect to women and bringing out the role in equality as the bad girl is still capable of such feats as her counterpart in highlighting the evil in society.Through this the bad girl character sums up the problems in the society and fighting these problems is the responsibility of all men and women, and therefore it makes sense to involve all in employing the different tactics in combating the evil. In the film Catwoman produced by Novi (2004) the idea of bad girl is very essential in capturing out the conflict in the plot development in the whole film. Patience in her bid to find out who is responsible for her present form is taunted by the bad girl Laurel Hedare leading to the development of the entire conflict.Her supernatural character makes her more lethal than George. There is that feminine-jealousy-conflict expressed between the criminal Laurel Hedare and Patience and in the struggle to fight for morality has made the two symbols of feminine power where the audience can associate themselves with. Idealism is portrayed in the manner of the human traits expressed, which the audience fall in favour including the determination and wisdom in every move. In the creation of the Bad girl movie along the Batman character traits, there is that imagery of the master criminal lethal and agile in the antagonism force.In reality, the odds are that rough and the bad girl has such a force that has to be overcome with wit and cunning. Indeed it the idea of change is highly eminent is the bad girl character in the Batman franchise as empowerment has brought independence in the women of modern society. The women characters in this case do not have to be rescued by the men but can overcome their challenges and even help others. The audience is now treated to better villains as the protagonist faces deadly and seductive Catwoman (Burton 1992).The audience loath and same time empathize with the protagonist who has to endure all the pain and torture but rejoice on his eventual triumphs over the evil woman-driven by jealousy, hatred and determined to harm all on her way in suffering and torture. In the video Batman Returns directed by Burton (1992) vividly depicts Gotham City as troubled waters with its population threatened with eminent extinction but the audience fears not because the antagonists and protagonists forces are at work and calm must eventually prevail only that suspense play tricks on them.The bad girl movie in follow-up of the batman franchise has been a success in that it has improved its rating as a hybrid of the two ideas. The fight movements’ characteristic of Capoeira martial style of Brazil is more convincing and entertaining than the usual speed in vehicles in action movies, which is mostly used to create excitement. The nocturnal playground in the visual effects creates the grotesque images that build up tension and anticipation among the audience.Occasional lights and music eases the tension releasing the cathartic effects and keeps the audience anticipating for more actions. By bon ding in the qualities and ideas the Catwoman has brought fortunes in the comic industry and set standards for future female actresses. Through the actions of the Catwoman, the Batman is actively in motion countering all her foils, on which we realize his desires and the need to be healed of them. In the comic films, the Catwoman harbors soft spots for the hero’s heart and operate outside the law within her morality code (Burton 1992).The Catwoman prowess is evident in her ferocious femininity that flaunts her intellect as well as constantly teasing the Batman in all his attempts. The in vogue of bad girl movie is credited for rejuvenating the declining sales of comic industry and pioneered in the era of realistic and subtle characters. The antithesis created by the Catwoman’s fear of Batman’s wrath represents the embittered feminist in Gotham streets who has to use all means to survive, symbolically pointing to the harsh realities of women of 1980s had to endure and hence the fight for change (Novi 2004).The adoption of bad girl characters has also been attributed to the development of the Batman movie and the sequential realization of the three successful sequels. The idea of a woman acquiring power in her life and showing the independence was more enterprising on the producers and equally appealing to the audiences hence the positive reception. Selina points her feminist stand when she says, â€Å"Life’s a bitch, now so am I†. She is portrayed as a woman not bound by gender boundaries and a symbol of the end of domestication by societal constructions of the place of the woman.In analyzing the her criminal motives, there is the shift of identities in that Catwoman is sometimes nice and other times portrayed evil in the characteristics of the domestic cat. This is the context representation of the villain capable of anything and defying the gender stereotypes of the contemporary society. The Catwoman is portrayed as a complic ated woman, surrounded by conflicting desires and emotions and flexible to change to suit her mind peace. Although her character is outside the law she doesn’t accept patriarchal punishment, but her delicate will checks her morality.The Catwoman here is created by the script writer as treacherous female who laughs at the social rules which are only possible in the world of comics (Burton 1992). In summary, the bad girl movies have played a paramount role in the development and eventual success in the Batman franchise as have boosted the comic industry to a higher notch. From the feminist perspective, they have been a force to recon with in the role they have played in the empowerment of the women in the contemporary society.The Catwoman has been depicted as influential force in breaking down the social constructions of the patriarchal society that continued to denigrate the place of woman. The mentality portrayed here is not one to be morally accepted in the realistic world b ut only for the feminists to take the cue and drum for change in society. The Batman being the guardian of the society is faced with another daunting task to keep the rebels at bay although he is susceptible to the change itself and hence falls in the traps of emotions.

Calm Alert And Early Childhood Education

Children’s house and school are the two most influential context in which the learning and development occurs. The term ' self regulation' is normally used to discuss about a range of abilities and characteristics that a child develops to control the emotions, focus his actions and manage his feelings. This paper aims to discus about the importance of enhancing self regulatory ability of the child. Self regulation in child plays a pioneering role in laying the foundation of the child's psychological physical, behavioral and the educational well being of the child. The role of a school is to bring each child to her individual self, achieve the maximum academic potential and to obtain the skill of self regulation. Its effectiveness may vary from school to school (Diamond & Lee, 2011). A significant amount of the class works throughout the grades helps a child to develop academically, but very few actually help to develop self regulation in children. Self regulation is extremely important for a child to deal with the expectations and tasks that a child is confronted with everyday. The paper discuss about the difference of self regulation and compliance. Compliance is something that is seen in a child when he or she is afraid of being punished, or solely to obtain any coveted award (Dickstein, 2015). Previously it was of the idea that anything can be got out of a child by giving rewards and punishment, but according to the new concept, children often don’t work well under compliance and the task also becomes very draining for the adults who play the role of a disciplinarian to force a child to do something. Self regulation on the other hand refers to an attempt to understand the cause of the problematic behavior and then try to solve the problem rather than just extinguishing them. This paper produces information regarding the prefrontal cortex of the brain that is responsible for the management of self regulation (Dickstein, 2015). Over the past few decades scientists have discovered that the tactile stimulation that occurs in a baby due to some affectionate touching, release neuro-hormones that have a calming effect on the child (Cherland, 2012). It can be done by gently rocking or bouncing the baby when he or she is fussy. The paper discuses that the fundamental princip le of self regulation about arousing a baby, that is energizing her. This social engagement system is marked by the development of the language. As a child grows there occurs a fundamental transition in his self regulation and he needs his parents less ad peers more (Shanker, 2013). The paper further more discusses about many regulations that children face for self regulating himself. The paper further discuses about the sources of stress that a child suffers from:   Biological, emotional, cognitive, social and prosocial factors . The paper further aims to discus about the key steps of self regulation. My rationale for choosing this topic is that connection between educators has been found to be a primary factor for the cognitive and the psychosocial development of children. The self regulation techniques described by this paper can be useful for a childhood educator to deal with child education. Registered childhood educators should focus to have child's eye light up as they visit the classroom. Close, nurturing relationships helps to build the cognitive connection with all the aspects of life. I believe that it also helps out the child from getting over the toxicity of the stresses (Garner et al., 2012). Since a child educator acts as a bridge between the child's mind and the real world, the educator has to remain acquainted with all the facilitators and the barriers that enhance or cease a child's learning (Sabol & Pianta, 2012). The first step of self regulation in a child is to make sure that he or she is well slept receiving nutritious food and regular physical activities.   We can use simple aids like discs for their chair at school or some play dough for squeezing, that can be calming for children. The second step is to remain aware what it is to be calmly focused and hyper aroused. The third step is to teach the students about how students should react to different situations. All these learning can be really useful for an RECE. These factors make it an important topic of discussion for a future RECE.   Self regulation is the capability to understand and manage the behavior, feelings and reactions in response to the external environment. The goal is to regulate the reactions to emotions like excitement and frustration; Calming down after the occurrence of something upsetting or exciting, focus on a particular task, refocusing attention on a new task, control of the impulses, teaching behaviors that would help the child to specialize in the near future (Diamond & Lee, 2011). One of the most important steps towards the self regulation is to be patient with the child, as it can be very difficult for very young children to work as per the rules. The expectations should be matched with the age of the child. It is necessary to try self model for the regulation of the child. This can be done by showing the child how a frustrating work can be done without getting upset (Dickstein, 2015). We can say somewhat like this, â€Å"The work was hard, but I'm glad that they did not get angry as I might have not been able to do this". Furthermore it is important to talk to talk to the child about emotions. For example, â€Å"Did you hit your friend because she was not sharing the toy, but you could have asked her politely, now ask for the toy politely and see the magic." When a child struggles with complicated feeling it is our duty to encourage him to describe the feeling. The child should be taught to react to different emotions (Duckworth & Seligman, 2005). For exam ple the child can be taught to put her hands in the pockets when she wants to snatch or strike out. Simple rules can be set that is comprehensive to the child and simple to follow. Even if the child is too young we can talk about what kind of a behavior we expect. For example, "if you hit your friend, he will never play or talk with you; hence you should never hit him. It is necessary to use words of praise when the child shows self control and follow the rules. Praise will tell him that he had done something really good and will remain motivated to continue for future purposes. Words of appreciation like "I like the way you shared the book with John, I am proud of you." Weekly classes will be arranged in order to involve the parents in the learning process and to facilitate effective communication between the parent and the educator. How to share the information with the colleagues Professional development can be accomplished by sharing knowledge of learning with the peers. It can be done by encouraging group discussion or on any domains of social networking site. Oral presentations with demonstration can be useful for disseminating information among the peers. Debate and brainstorming workshops serve as an important platform for sharing the knowledge. Other methods of dissemination can be E-mails, reports, and one-to-one discussions, conferences .A vast majority of the people engaged in learning and teaching are at least one mail base discussion list and can serve as an effective way of communicating with the audiences. Short newsletters of the action plan can keep the targeted audiences informed. Cherland, E. (2012). The polyvagal theory: neurophysiological foundations of emotions, attachment, communication, self-regulation. Journal of the Canadian Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 21(4), 313. Diamond, A., & Lee, K. (2011). Interventions shown to aid executive function development in children 4 to 12 years old. Science, 333(6045), 959-964. Dickstein, S. (2015). The family couch: considerations for infant/early childhood mental health. Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics, 24(3), 487-500. Duckworth, A. L., & Seligman, M. E. (2005). Self-discipline outdoes IQ in predicting academic performance of adolescents. Psychological science, 16(12), 939-944. McEwen, B. S., & Lasley, E. N. (2002). The end of stress as we know it. Joseph Henry Press. Moffitt, T. E., Arseneault, L., Belsky, D., Dickson, N., Hancox, R. J., Harrington, H., ... & Sears, M. R. (2011). A gradient of childhood self-control predicts health, wealth, and public safety. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 108(7), 2693-2698. Pink, D. H. (2012). Book Review Drive: The Surprising Truth About What Motivates Us. Shanker, S. (2013). Calm, alert and learning: Classroom strategies for self-regulation. Toronto: Pearson.

Elasticity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Elasticity - Essay Example The function of responsiveness of a particular variable to the change in parameters of the other variables is what elasticity is all about. The frequently used dimensions of elasticity include price elasticity of demand, price elasticity of supply, income elasticity of demand and elasticity of substitution between factors of production. Because of the immense contribution that the concept of elasticity has made to the study of responsiveness of price and other factors to changes in demand and supply, it has indeed made a significant contribution to the understanding of the market and agents in its. This is the topic for this paper and the subsequent paragraphs discuss the concept in detail along with the example of a supermarket to elucidate the concept. If we take the first dimension or the PED (Price Elasticity of Demand), this is the percentage change in the quantity demanded for a drop or rise in price and hence measures how â€Å"elastic† the demand is to a change in the price of the good. The measurement of PED is by dividing the percentage change in the quantity demanded by the percentage change in the price and since either the percentage change in demand or the percentage change in price is negative, the PED is always negative. Hence, the PED is usually expressed in terms of absolute values. Goods that have a PED of more than 1 are supposed to be highly elastic meaning that changes in price have a large effect on the change in demand. On the other hand, goods that have a PED less than 1 or between 0 and 1 are supposed to be inelastic or relatively inelastic. This is because the change in demand is not that much greater for a change in price (Ayers & Collins, 2003). If we apply this dimension to the case of the superm arket, we find that goods like alcoholic beverages and luxury products like perfumes and cosmetics are highly elastic since a drop in the price invariably leads to

Skepticism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Skepticism - Essay Example In addition, some people decide to moral because they respond to moral choices and dilemmas in the manner they have witnessed or seen their friends, parents, and role respond. Therefore, some of the time some people chose what is moral because they have learned that doing that sort of thing is right and good. People are moral because our reinforcement comes from instinct for self-preservation; briefly, self-interest is the cause of being moral. On the other hand, some people choose to be immoral due to the fact they desire to attain certain things for less efforts. For instance, a person may decide to steal in order to get money because they know working is tedious - so stealing is an easier way of obtaining money than working. Â  Morality is about both obeying the set rules and evaluating the consequences. There are certain rules and regulations that set out by society that must be respected in order to live in harmony with other people, therefore people will tend to be moral by ob eying the set standards in society. People maintain their moral status because they assess the result of their actions. For instance, a person is fond of telling lies and s/he will think of what happens when the truth will finally be realized (Kurtz 56). Therefore, people will choose to be moral in order to live harmoniously and avoid harming oneself. For instance, Descartes was skeptical about everything he did in that his life was characterized by constant thinking and questioning. He doubted everything, and it is only through this he claimed search for true knowledge. Descartes doubted his own existence in order to establish reflective thinking and questioning. Socially, Descartes relation with the society was not that of an outgoing person. He spent most of his time improving his previous writings or coming up with new ideas. The Discourse on method is one of his notable publications among others. In his work, Structure of the Meditations, Descartes gives preeminence to meditati on as one of the best ways to find what is true (Descartes 45). For somebody to suggest meditation, it means that he has meditated before. Meditation, according to him, is focused on ignoring every truth and belief of this world. At the end, he was able to establish true knowledge of what is right and wrong in society. Every person develops his own original position on which he or she decided principles of justice behind the veil of ignorance (Sinnott-Armstrong 79-82). The basis of this strategy is that no one knows his/her place or social status in society nor does anyone know his/her fate in the distribution of social goods since all are under the veil of ignorance. The veil of ignorance limits people from knowing what justice entails. Putting in mind everybody is morally upright, it will be rational to consider all the social primary goods, which includes opportunity and liberty, wealth and income and the grounds of self-respect. With this in mind, these will form the basis of th e policy whereby programs put in place will ensure that all these things are distributed equally; unless under special and justifiable circumstances, unequal distribution of these goods is to the benefit of the least favored. In addition, person will be entitled to have an equal right to all the goods available. The office in charge will be transparent and fair to all under conditions to ensure

Introduction for Postnatal Depression (PND) Essay

Introduction for Postnatal Depression (PND) - Essay Example irth but these issues are distinct from postnatal depression by means of preponderance, the clinical demonstration of the illness, the time of onset, period of illness, and time of recurrence of disease. The most usual mental illness linked with post pregnancy and birth of the child is unipolar depression either major or minor, this depression can happen to any women anytime after the childbirth and within the first postnatal year. Postnatal depression is chiefly second to women with caesarean cases, as these cases result in more frequent complexities during and after childbirth (Walsh, pp. 24-29, 2009). During the last few years, the facilities and services rendered to the expected women, mothers and their infants have undergone major improvements complimenting with exponential decline in death rate of infants and the expecting women (Affonso et al, pp. 255-271, 1991). These improvements are due to the development in different departments such as obstetrics and medicine, bettered obstetric standards, much improved midwifery care and concern, and the development in health education, social service, health of people and maintenance of general hygienic environment. Nevertheless, the sector of mental healthcare has not achieved such great improvements in order to reduce the mental illness and depression among the expecting women, mothers and their infants. The wide range of variation in symptoms of the mental illness can result in difficulty in diagnosis of postnatal depression (Affonso et al, pp. 255-271, 1991). The situation gets even more difficult when the women do not have enough knowledge to understand the symptoms as signs of depression or if the corporeal symptoms have greater influence than the symptoms of mental illnesses. Sad, gloomy, irritated and exhausted moms attend the primary care more often but with issues related to their child only and not themselves. Authentic methods and reliable techniques are compulsory in order to recognize depression and

The influence of user generated content on the hotels image by using Dissertation

The influence of user generated content on the hotels image by using travel search engines - Dissertation Example If you post ideas, comments, questions, data, graphs, opinions, creations, customizations, ID or other information (such as information on bulletin boards, discussion forums) (hereinafter referred to as "User Generated Content"), on the site, or if you send to any company this user-generated content via the site, it will become the property of that organization. As a standard, the user-generated content is assumed to be non-confidential and we have the right to use or disclose in any manner whatsoever, without representation or notice. The user-generated content or other information should not be offensive, pornographic, defamatory, profane, illegal or may violate applicable law, whether governed civil, criminal or religious. User-generated content (UGC) is to become a more important tool for travel marketers, as consumers rely more on independent advice. User-generated content is a delicate area for travel marketers, as there is a risk of negative reviews of destinations or hotels. However, the popularity of sites such as Trip Advisor has forced brands to rethink their strategies. With the advancement of contemporary hospitality industry user generated content has turn out to be one of the significant features and requirement in marketing mix and status management strategy of a hotel. While there are many benefits of UGC and it plays an important role in the marketing and the reputation of the business there are some important points that must be considered for User-generated content. As not all the information is accurate or credible hence user generated content can develop a negative impact on the business of hotels. In order to acquire immunity from these ramifications one must keep in the view that in User-generated content all the available content is not authentic and some reviewers may have some other reasons and motivations which might develop adverse effects on the business. A good approach when dealing with such critical situations and making the condition work for your gain is essential. Inaccuracies can take place if the chance presents itself you r reaction may make all the difference to how future readers read, understand and interpret the written message. Another important aspect that needs to be mentioned here is that excessive positive and appreciating remarks over a small time period or only positive remarks may raise doubt to the strength of the comments as this gives a feeling that the remarks are not original and added intentionally for the purpose of making good business. This is the fact that customers avoid hotels if they feel an hotelier has so many reviews that are same and positive. Some negative comments work intends to create a marketing balance, particularly if the response of hotelier gives you an idea about real concern and an effort to rectify or correct the situation. A readiness to get better and an interactive tone in the communication process is a good signal for most prospective customers. In the subsequent phases of our discussion we would be looking at the different ways in which the hospitality in dustry can have an impact upon small countries such as Dominican Republic in developing their tourism sector. Secondly, ways through which UGC has an impact upon consumer behavior will also be a part of the formulated research questions. UGC after the advent of Web 2.0 A recent survey shows that out of 78% of companies use electronic channels, web marketing and email for their marketing purposes (Witkowski, 2007).

Modernisation programme to increase productivity Essay

Modernisation programme to increase productivity - Essay Example To effectively pull off organisational change that creates positive outcomes is not just an administrative challenge; it is also a cognitive challenge. As it is, managers and organization leaders, just like people in general, find it complicated to think about dynamic experiences like feedback loops and time delays and easier to focus on instantaneous end products and detectable changes. The result is a focus on the short-term and local not the longer-term and global consequences from change, an issue that organisational inducements magnify. Hence, local enhancements in cost reduction or efficiency are presumed to do good to the firm as whole, while little attention is given to essentially guarantee results for the company The shipping industry is a segment of growing significance in world trade as it is the only method that is employed for the transfer of bulky deliveries that tenders the most economical and most gainful haulage compared to rail, road and air. A huge amount of the E uropean Union's trade with other nations and a large percentage of the intra-community trade are accomplished with sea transport and a sizeable quantity of all international U.S. shipments move by water transportation. The widespread procedure of ocean shipping transportation strengthens the considerable role of shipping firms within the supply chain structure environment since there is a correlation between the effectiveness and efficacy of these shipping organisations with that of the supply chain. However, because of shipping companies' significance and prominence in world trade, it they experience considerable issues and challenges in the course of their business operations. Currently, Linkspan Shipping is going through trading difficulties and because of these operational complexities, it aims to trim down outlays. A modernisation programme is called for that will lessen crewing personnel on board each of its ships. With this objective, the company intends to execute novel on-board technology that is expected to increase productivity and enhance working conditions for crew personnel. The process will entail the implementation of 1) integrated bridge systems, autopilot, etc; 2) flexible work models with the prospect of developing individual skills that include both engineering and deck hand duties, and; 3) a programme of ship renovation, entailing new cranes, revising other loading and unloading equipment and improve safety on board. To efficiently craft its programme design, effectively carry out the implementation and plan for its evaluation, strategies and recommendations are explicitly and concisely discussed below: 1) As an initial step, Linkspan must employ Enterprise Resource Planning towards managing the changes that will be implemented within the company. Basically, ERP provides a single information structure for organisation-wide coordination and integration of major business processes. With this approach, information that was formerly disjointed in several systems can flow effortlessly throughout the organisation thereby allowing such data to be shared by business processes either in technical updating, accounting, human resources, hauling operations or in other areas (Laudon and Laudon 2006, pp. 56-57). Basically, in implementing ERP, Linkspan will have four inherent justifications for wanting to avail this innovative scheme -- technology, business process, competitive and strategic. Technology justifications refer to technology dilemmas a firm is facing with its old computer systems, while business process rationales aim at improving Linkspan's' performance. Its competitive rational wil l be the need for the shipping company to stay competitive in business and the strategic reasons are those strategies which the firm intends to execute through ERP where its existing software does not support.

Rewrite Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Rewrite - Case Study Example The protection also encompasses biodiversity conservation. 2. It fosters the process of furnishing the economic earnings to country, the region, and the local community. In essence, the protected area provides resources for conservation. 3. It provides financial resources for the conservation of other protected natural areas lacking tourism perhaps because they are unknown or because of their fragile ecological balance. 4. It can make protected areas more profitable thus encourages government or private investment in the establishment of other equally protected areas. 5. It can contribute to conservation if used as a tool of environmental education that sensitizes visitors so they can learn to conveniently value Nature, and respect not only the area they visit but also any other natural area. 6. It gives local communities alternatives to extractive activities that damage the ecosystems and endanger the natural resources. 7. It can help conservation process in other countries that emu late the success in the neighboring countries. Objectives of the Study: I. To secure and maintain the habitat and conditions necessary to protect significant species, groups of species, biotic communities or physical features of the environment where these require specific human manipulation for optimum management II. To facilitate scientific research and environmental monitoring as primary activities associated with sustainable resource management III. To develop limited areas for public education and appreciation of the characteristics of the habitats concerned and that of the work of wildlife management; IV. To eliminate and prevent exploitation or occupation inimical to the purposes of designation V. To deliver such benefits to people living within designated areas in line with the objectives of management Farwa MPA The Farwa MPA is located on Latitude 33Â ° 04' N and Longitude at 11Â ° 50' E to 33Â ° 08' N and 11Â ° 32' E (Approx) from Abu- Kamash in the east to the Tunisia n border in the west. It consists of Farwa lagoon, the largest lagoon on the Libyan coast that covers an area of 32 km2. The Farwa MPA, particularly Farwa lagoon, has meadows of Posidonia and Cymodocea sp., owing to certain economically significant species (shrimp, sponges, and fishes) as well as some endangered species that essentially make it an important area for larva and juvenile protection. In the biodiversity of Farwa MPA it is arguably easier to distinguish several economically important species and certain endangered species. Thus, it is imperative that this area gets adequate protection. The utmost altitude of the land on both sides of the lagoon is about 2-3 m (Sand type). Furthermore, the mean annual temperature varies from one month to another owing to the recent closing of the east side of the lagoon. The minimum mean temperature in winter is 10? C whilst the maximum mean temperature in summer is 27?C. The prevalent direction and speed of wind is largely NW and NNW. Ho wever, a hot southern wind sometimes blows from the Sahara. The Meteorological conditions of the region are those of the western part of Libyan coast. In such conditions, the winter season extends from November to April and is normally very cold and rainy with unstable winds blowing from different directions. The summer season (June to September) is rather hot and dry. The wind is more stable N and NW. Incidentally, spring and autumn are very short transitional periods. The lagoon is separated from the sea by some 11-km

The ghost in Hamlet Essay Example for Free

The ghost in Hamlet Essay The Ghost is an essential element to the plot of Hamlet, revealing the true cause of the Kings death and establishing the need for revenge as well as confronting Hamlet with a moral dilemma, and is used by Shakespeare to open up several ideas and questions in the play. Shakespeare employs an ambiguous theme throughout the play using an antithesis of ideas which cause suspense, confusion and elusiveness. The complexity of the Ghosts character allows Shakespeare to introduce many views into the play, which can be seen through both the actions of the Ghost as well as the effect it has on Hamlet himself. Hamlet is presented with several different ideas in the play, one of them being the true purpose for revenge. There is evidence in the Ghosts emergence in Act 1 Scene 5 to suggest that he is less outraged at his own murder then he is at Gertrudes lust, for example the majority of the Ghosts speech is about the incestuous relationship between Gertrude and Claudius. The relationship between Gertrude and Claudius is described by the Ghost as shameful and it is emotive word choices such as this which Shakespeare uses to convey to the audience the impact that their relationship has had on the Ghost. Another antithesis displayed by Shakespeare is of the characters Claudius and the Ghost. The Ghost contrasts his love of dignity for Gertrude with Claudiuss witchcraft and traitorous gifts, and this comparison between the two shows Hamlets rage at Gertrude who declined upon a wretch whos natural gifts were poor To those of mine. Shakespeare also uses the comparisons between the Ghost and Claudius to reveal jealousy in the Ghosts emotions. This jealousy supplies evidence for the fact that Gertrudes lust has outraged the Ghost more than his own murder, which is reinforced when the Ghost ends his speech in reference to Gertrude, who he asks Hamlet to leave to heaven And to those thorns that in her bosom lodge To prick and sting her, revealing that he wants Gertrude to suffer for her inconstancy. Conversely, the graphic description of the murder given by the Ghost could imply that he is in fact more outraged by his own murder than at Gertrudes lust. Shakespeare describes the murder, going into detail with the effects the poison had on him, causing him to break out most lazer-like, with vile and loathsome crust over his body. Similarly to the narrative of Gertrudes lust, emotive language such as rankly abused is used to describe the murder. This has a poignant effect on Hamlet and the audience, and with the technique of listing and half lines, Shakespeare successfully portrays the Ghosts antagonism of being murdered by his brother. The effect of this dramatic description, as well as the references to Claudius as serpent that stung him, brings out a negative view of Claudius, revealing Hamlets resentment. The serpent induces connotations of the story of Adam and Eve, corrupted by the snake in the Garden of Eden. Shakespeare uses the snake imagery to present Claudius as an evil doer who has infected the state of Denmark through the murder of King Hamlet. The fact that the Ghost orders Hamlet to kill Claudius but to leave Gertrude to heaven could mean that the Ghosts anger is predominantly directed at Claudius for murdering him. Furthermore, the vivid images of the Ghosts murder can be seen as a tool used by the Ghost to persuade Hamlet to take revenge, covering up his main motive to kill Claudius for marrying Gertrude, which is an act that Hamlet may be less willing to take revenge for. Hamlets immediate reaction to the Ghosts speech may clarify what has affected the Ghost more, as he describes his mother as a most pernicious woman! before referring to his uncle as a smiling damned villain, implying that he is appalled views his mothers lust as a more awful crime than his fathers murder. The Ghost orders Hamlet to revenge his foul and most unnatural murder, immediately placing Hamlet with an enormous responsibility which is reiterated again in Act 3 Scene 4 when the Ghost reminds Hamlet that this visitation Is but to whet thy almost blunted purpose. The sheer fact that the Ghost arrives in the play is evidence of Hamlet placed in a position where he must take action upon his given responsibility. This absolute compulsion upon Hamlet is highlighted when Hamlet accepts that it is his duty, vows to disregard everything but the commandment alone and promises to sweep to his revenge. The use of the word commandment introduces Hamlets moral dilemma, as he feels obliged to carry out his fathers desires for revenge. Shakespeare also uses this word to highlight what the Ghost is asking Hamlet to do, as revenge is a sin, referring to a commandment given by God. Shakespeare also uses this compulsion upon Hamlet to represent the code of manliness that Hamlet is expected to adhere to. Hamlets exemplar figure is his father, whose amour represents the strength and courage Hamlet must attain, and the act of revenge is a chance for Hamlet to prove his masculinity. By telling Hamlet to Let not the royal bed of Denmark be A couch for luxury and damned incest, Shakespeare, referring to Gertrudes lust, implies a male control over females needs to be re-established. The use of imperatives in the Ghosts speech highlights the duty on Hamlet for revenge. In addition to the above, the fact that the Ghost is Hamlets fathers spirit instantly places an obligation on Hamlet to defend his fathers honour by killing his uncle in revenge. Family honour was a great responsibility at that time of the play, and as the son of the late King, revenge has become Hamlets duty. Shakespeares ambiguity and subtlety in the play deliberately leaves open the answer to the question of the Ghosts true nature. Right at the start of the play, Shakespeare gives the audience reason to question the Ghosts credibility through the cynicism of Horatio and Marcellus who try to prevent Hamlet from following the Ghost as they fear it will draw him into madness. Shakespeare reveals an uncertainty about the Ghost through Hamlet by using multiple questions and repetition. Immediately after the first meeting with the Ghost, Hamlets questions what he has seen. The repetition of Remember thee? is ironic as it will be difficult for Hamlet to forget his interaction with the Ghost, but also portrays the conflict that the Ghosts demands have brought on Hamlet, leading to his troubled state of mind. Shakespeare manages to show a strong impression of confusion from Hamlet through the use of half lines, enjambment and exclamations in his speech after the first meeting with the Ghost; Remember thee? Yes, from the table of my memory Unmixed with baser matter: yes, by heaven! . Shakespeare also uses the external appearance of the Ghost to emphasise this uncertainty, as it is described by Hamlet as having a questionable shape. Again Shakespeare employs the theme of dualism when Hamlet questions the Ghost, asking if it brings with it the airs heaven or blasts from hell and whether its intentions are wicked or charitable. By starting with a prayer as soon as Hamlet sees the Ghost, Shakespeare portrays a fearful and apprehensive character. Hamlet acknowledges that the Ghost may be a devil who abuses to damn him. Shakespeare reinforces Hamlets moral dilemma in his decision to carry out the play, from which he hopes to catch the conscience of the king. Postponing the revenge until he has confirmed that Claudius is in fact the murderer of his father also proves that Hamlet has doubts about the Ghost and its intentions. When considering the Ghost in the play as a whole, it is reasonable to take the view of the Ghost as not being Old Hamlet, but in fact a goblin damned due to the disastrous effects it has brought on Hamlets life, as well as other characters in the play, including the conflict and deaths of several characters.

Italian Market Entry By Superior Chocolate Marketing Essay

Italian Market Entry By Superior Chocolate Marketing Essay Superior Chocolate (SC) is a UK based producer of high quality organic chocolates. The firm has three product lines, namely (a) block chocolate, (b) chocolates for special occasions and (c) speciality chocolates. All chocolates are produced with high quality organically grown ingredients. Whilst the company is far smaller in size than the global and regional market leaders, the firm has established market presence in the UK, the USA and Australia and production facilities in the UK and Australia. The company has adopted a comprehensive marketing strategy for (a) improvement of competitive advantage by improvement of financial strength, and (b) expansion into other markets, in both emerging and developed countries. SC is now actively examining the potential of different foreign markets for entry and expansion, from various business perspectives. Objectives This study aims to investigate and analyse the potential of the Italian market for entry by Superior Chocolate. The study entails the conduct of a focused situation analysis of the Italian market and an examination of the various routes for entry. Such analysis and examination is followed by appropriate recommendations and a concluding section. 2. Analysis of Italian Market The analysis of a national market for purposes of entry and expansion by foreign business organisations is a complex and multi-dimensional task that involves assessment of various market factors, environmental conditions, extent of competitiveness and existing opportunities and threats (Gilligan Wilson, 2005, p 48-51). This study focuses on important market factors in order to produce a representative snapshot of existing conditions and to thereby facilitate decision making on entry and expansion options. Market Analysis Whilst Belgium and Switzerland are globally known for the excellence of their chocolate making skills, chocolates are extremely popular in most European countries and both the UK and Italy have strong chocolate markets (Mintel, 2010, p 1-2). Chocolate consumption in the UK at approximately 600,000 tonnes per year is however much more than that of Italy, which consumes approximately 215,000 tonnes every year (RTS Resource Ltd, 2010, p 1-2). The consumer expenditure on chocolates in European countries in 2007 is detailed in the chart provided below. Consumption of Chocolates in Europe (RTS Resource, 2010, p 1) Information obtained from various surveys and reports lead to the following conclusions about existing market conditions in Italy and other European countries. Expansion of the chocolate market in the immediate future appears to be limited because of low population growth forecasts, depressed economic conditions and competition from other snacks and indulgences. The market is reaching saturation level and much of its growth is coming from market segments rather than from total expansion. The market is in a state of maturity and growth is less than 1% every year. Marketing experts feel that European chocolate sellers should try to improve their market shares by (a) exploiting the health properties of chocolate, (b) engaging in product differentiation through use of shapes, ingredients and packaging, (c) increase in brand diversification, (d) introducing low calorie and low sugar products, and (e) developing the super premium sector. Whilst opportunities do exist in the chocolate market, they are becoming increasingly difficult to find because of increasing market competition and fragmentation (RTS Resource, 2010, p 2). Environmental Analysis Careful environmental analysis of target markets enables prospective market entrants to understand the various environmental features that are different, in small or large measure, in such target markets from those of their existing markets. An understanding of such differences helps organisations in shaping their entry strategies (Hooley, et al, 2008, p 81-86). Such environmental analysis is normally carried out through the examination of political, economic, social, technological, environmental and legal aspects in line with the well known PESTEL format (Hooley, et al, 2008, p 81-86). It is however unlikely that any significant political, environmental and legal issues could cause concerns about the entry of Superior Chocolate in Italy because both Italy and the UK are governed by EU regulations and norms. SC should thus, for purposes of environmental analysis, focus mainly on economic and social issues (Mintel, 2010, p 1-2). Italy is an advanced and affluent nation with an annual GDP of 1.74 trillion USD and a per capita income of 29,900 USD. The ongoing economic recession has however hurt the Italian economy significantly and both annual GDP and per capita income have reduced significantly from 2007 levels. Future growth prospects are also not very optimistic and the country expects to face bleak economy conditions for some years to come. Such depression in economic conditions has obviously led to reduction of discretionary incomes, losses of jobs and decrease in consumer spending (Central intelligence, 2010, p 2-3). The consumption of chocolates has however not been affected, even though the segment has not shown any significant growth in the last two years (Mintel Snapshotà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦, 2010, p 4-9). Whilst such trends provide reason for some optimism, continuance or worsening of economic conditions could well lead to reduction in demand and consumption of chocolates in Italy. Italy is an ageing society and with the death rate exceeding the birth rate, the population of the country is decreasing steadily. The average age of the country, at approximately 44 years, is higher than the average European age and significantly higher than that of the UK. With consumption of chocolates being associated with children and young people, the growing average age of the country could lead to stagnation or even reduction in demand for chocolates in future. Italian society is also culturally very different from that of the UK (Central intelligence, 2010, p 2-3). Italians are fiercely proud of their history, society and culture and tend to be ethnocentric in their choice of products. This is even more pronounced in personal preferences like clothes and food. Research has conclusively revealed that greater levels of ethnocentricity by and large lead to preferences for local products, thereby making it difficult for foreign companies to enter and expand in such markets (Arvi dsson, 2003, p 34-39). Porters Five Forces Analysis Porters Five Forces Model provides a useful tool for the analysis of the extent of competitiveness in a particular industrial or sector. Such analysis is done by investigation of five specific market forces, namely (a) the extent of rivalry between market participants, (b) the power of buyers, (c) the power of sellers, (d) the potential threat from new entrants, and (e) the threat from substitutes (Porter, 2008, p 7-15). The extent of competition between market participants is intense. As a strong consumer of chocolates and cocoa products, the Italian chocolate market is crowded by global, regional and local suppliers. With Belgium and Switzerland being geographically proximal, numerous chocolate producers from these countries service the Italian market. The power of buyers is very high because of the numerous choices available to them. The power of suppliers is however low because the ingredients used for production of chocolates are essentially generic in nature and freely available. Chocolates are an easy entry business area in terms of investment and technology and the threat from new entrants, especially those of local origin is high. With new developments in foods and snacks occurring frequently, the threat from substitutes is also high. It is evident from the above analysis that the market for chocolates in Italy is not just sophisticated, mature and slow growing, but also intensely competitive in nature. Areas of Opportunity Whilst the market for chocolates in Italy is undoubtedly slow-growing and intensely competitive, the popularity of chocolates among western populations is an undeniable fact. Italy, with a consumption of more than 200,000 tonnes per year is the fourth largest consumer of chocolates in Europe (Mintel Snapshotà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦, 2010, p 4-9). Such a strong market undeniably provides opportunities for new entrants. Superior Chocolate, with its range of high quality chocolates produced with organically grown ingredients will essentially target the premium segment of the product. It should be able to find strong niche opportunities through careful differentiation of product qualities and carefully chosen marketing and distribution strategies. Consumption of chocolates is now being associated with a range of medical benefits and chocolates could in future become a strongly recommended consumption product for ageing populations (Stibich, 2009, p 1-2). Such changes in consumption patterns could be significantly important for the ageing Italian population and lead to strong growth in chocolate consumption in future. It is important to note that Italy just about one third of the chocolate consumed in the UK, even though its population is practically 80% of that of the UK. Increase in per capita consumption levels of chocolates in Italy to those of the UK can lead to significant market expansion and cr eate substantial market opportunities for Superior Chocolate. Entry Routes International expansion and marketing not only requires very careful analysis of market situations and business environment but also an appropriate choice of entry strategy. Business firms wishing to enter new markets can choose from a range of alternatives starting with direct export of products to importers in target markets to appointment of franchisees, setting up of joint ventures or investment in fully owned facilities (Kotler, et al, 2008, p 71-77). The choice of entry routes is shaped by a number of external and internal considerations like existing production capacity, distance of target market from current production centres, cost of investment in production facilities in target locations and local environmental considerations (Kotler, et al, 2008, p 71-77). Most organisations that supply non-perishable products to proximal countries choose direct exports as the favoured mode of entry and support such exports by strong local marketing and distribution facilities (Hooley, et al, 2008, p 81-86). Whilst direct exports could facilitate the entry of Superior Chocolate into the European market, the additional freight and cold chain costs could well make the firmà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s products uncompetitive in the long run, especially in comparison with competitors in proximal countries or those who have local production facilities. SC must essentially aim to establish its captive production facilities in Italy, even though it can initially enter the market through direct exports. Such a medium term strategy will not only enable it to be more competitive in terms of costs and prices but will also enable it to adapt and customise its products in line with local preferences. The company must, if such a strategy is adopted, decide between putting up its own facilities and entering into a joint venture with a local business firm for production and manufacture of chocolates. The decision to set up own facilities in foreign countries, whilst keeping full control of the business within the organisation, is however far more difficult to implement because it calls for detailed environmental and cultural knowledge of the target market. The adoption of the joint venture route on the other hand entails entering into a partnership with a local organisation for sharing of investments, management control, responsibilities and profits of the proposed business (Adcock, 2000, p 35-42). Whilst joint ventures require mutual understanding, collaboration and a spirit of give and take and beneficial partnership, they enable foreign companies to associate with local business organisations and take advantage of their knowledge of local environmental, social and cultural condit ions (Adcock, 2000, p 35-42). 3. Recommendations The foregoing analysis of market and environmental conditions leads to the inescapable conclusion that the Italian market for chocolates, whilst strong and with potential for good future growth, is at present increasing very slowly and is furthermore fragmented and intensely competitive. With the Italian economy experiencing a prolonged period of economic downturn, Superior Chocolate will have to face and overcome intense competitive challenges and difficult market conditions in order to establish and expand its product line. The demanding market and environmental conditions, coupled with the ethnocentric social and cultural environment, call for the careful selection of entry strategy. It is recommended that the firm should engage in planned market activity and enter into an agreement with a strong, reliable and well known local business firm for production and sale of chocolates. Such a strategy will enable SC to obtain extensive information about local market realities and customer preferences and adopt appropriate business strategies. Market leaders like McDonalds, KFC and Mark and Spencer are using the joint venture route successfully to expand their operations in foreign locations. Superior Chocolate will also benefit from adopting such an entry route. 4. Conclusions Superior Chocolate is a UK based producer of high quality organic chocolates. The firm has three product lines, namely (a) block chocolate, (b) chocolates for special occasions and (c) speciality chocolates. The company has adopted a comprehensive marketing strategy for (a) improvement of competitive advantage by improvement of financial strength, and (b) expansion into other markets, in both emerging and developed countries. This study investigates and analyses the potential of the Italian market for entry by the company. The analysis makes use of a focused situation analysis of the Italian market and an examination of the various routes for entry for its final recommendations. The analysis of market and environmental conditions leads to the inescapable conclusion that the Italian market for chocolates, whilst strong and with potential for good future growth, is at present increasing very slowly and is furthermore fragmented and intensely competitive. The demanding market and environmental conditions, coupled with the ethnocentric social and cultural environment, call for the careful selection of entry strategy. It is recommended that the firm should first enter the market through direct exports and thereafter enter into an agreement with a strong, reliable and well known local business firm for production and sale of chocolates. Such a strategy will enable SC to obtain extensive information about local market realities and customer preferences and adopt appropriate business strategies.

Bob Marley: Legend :: essays research papers

The question isn't how long are we going to live on this earth; it is how much are we going to live on this earth. In his 36 short years, Bob Marley achieved more than most who live to a so-called ripe old age. Bob once said, "My life is only important if mi cyan help plenty people. My life is for people. That's who mi is." He lived on earth but thought the thougthts of heaven. In his song "Rastaman Vibration" Marley implores us to look out for each other. "Why not help one another along the way and make it much easier." Funkmaster George Clinton once said that Bob Marley "was one of those people who wasn't on anybody's side in particular. He was on everybody's side. And that's scary to the system." Bob told us to "open your minds and look within; are you satisfied with the life you're living?" He urged us to wake up, to arise from our sleep and slumber, as there's work to be done. And that, too, is scary for the system. In support of any Messiah, there are at least 12 apostles. In the case of Bob Marley, there is an undisclosed number of disciples whom he chose to send forth and preach the (reggae) gospel in this time. In addition to members of his Wailers band and I-Threes, he left behimd a family full of messengers. His beloved mother, Cedella Marley Booker, is the inspiration for the Bob Marley Caribbean Festival and founder of The Movement of Jah People. This organization is carrying out the dreams and goals of her son who always looked out for the underprivileged and down-trodden. Ms. Booker lives in the house Bob bought her in Miami, the spacious yard where he came to chill-out from his rigorous and demanding schedule. He once said, "This peace work, it don't stop. We, the youth, got a job to do." His younger brother, Richard Booker, is at the helm of the movement and ably acts as his mother's right hand man. Bob's sister, Pearl Livingston, is among the family members who perform each year, along with their cousins Gloria, Lorraine and Jimmy. Marley stated that "not one of my seed shall sit on the sidewalk and beg bread." Bob's children include Ziggy, Stephen, Cedella, Sharon, Damian, Julian, Kymani, Rohan and Robert. His grandchildren include Daniel, Justice, Zouri, Joseph, Stephan, Huon, Jacob, Soul Rebel, Kaya, Kymani Jr.

Lord Of The Flies - Whats The Point? :: essays research papers

Lord of the Flies - What’s the Point?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Lord of the Flies, a literary classic, examines specific social and human nature issues. The boys experience power and leadership struggles, a battle with sadism, and the never-ending fight for the role of intellectuals in society. The author William Golding, presents human nature as a contrast to the reality of the boys on the island.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jack and Ralph were two boys who both wanted to be the leader. From the very beginning of the book the two boys had disagreements. Jack thought that he should be leader. Ralph was the central character and he had a lot of pressure put on him to come up with ideas for survival. That’s where Piggy comes in; he was the never noticed sidekick of Ralph. Piggy always came up with the acceptable ideas to help Ralph be the preferred leader. Ralph was a democrat, he wanted order and things to be accomplished. Such as the rescue fire and huts being built. At first everyone wanted to help and get everything achieved, but soon after the tasks went to a few people. The boys who did not want to work wanted to play. That is when Jack started to do whatever he wanted. At first Jack preferred rules, but after the book progressed he slowly put the things he wanted first; that’s when the battle for leadership starts between Jack and Ralph. Jack wanted to have fun and to hunt. He was the appointed leader of the hunters and he had an addiction to kill. Jack got satisfaction out of slaughtering animals, it made him feel commanding and powerful. Jack represented dictatorship and showed how everything should be his way. He played on the fear of the boys and persuades them to join his tribe. Jack had his own agenda to follow. Now that he had control over so many boys, he could have his own fort with guards. Anytime he wanted Jack and his hunters could go kill without Ralph getting mad at them for not working. Jack won the battle for leadership.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jack was the evil or the dark side of the island. The beginning of the story started out with Jack and the rest of the boys painted as innocent. Jack was just a choir boy, but slowly his human nature was tested. He turns in to a bully, he picks on and fights with Piggy. Piggy is made an outcast by Jack teasing him about being a â€Å"fatty†. Jack also isolated Simon from the group by making fun of Simon’s view of the beast, shown in this

“Life of Frederick Douglas, an American Slave” Essay -- Literature Revi

The narrative essay of the â€Å"Life of Frederick Douglas, an American Slave† describes personal accounts Paul experienced as a slave. Cruel and unjust treatment done to him by his masters gave him to a strong desire to learn how to read and write in any possible way by being resourceful and be determined to learn. However, Douglas expressed â€Å"I would at times feel that learning to read had been a curse rather a blessing† and â€Å"I envied my fellow slaves for their stupidity† (4); wherein he regrets learning and he also illustrated why he considered knowledge as a curse because he learned about freedom did not benefit him at all. In my case, I can also say I regret some things I learned in the past that I know would made me happier if I did not learned them at all. At age twelve, Douglas became a slave in the household of Mr. Hugh. Mrs. Auld was very kind and considerate when Douglas met her, because it was the first time having a slave in the household. She even taught him the A B C’s but Mr. Auld forbade instructing him. However, in the later part of the story, she changes into a wicked mistress. Mr. Auld expressed â€Å"If you give a nigger an inch, he will take an ell. A nigger should know nothing but to obey his master-to do as he is told to do. Learning would spoil the best nigger in the world† (1) and this revelation was an eye opener of freedom awaits him. Mr. Auld tells his wife that if a slave was taught to read, it will cause Paul to be not satisfied and sad because he will yearn for freedom. Paul learned that learning to read is the key to his freedom. He was longing for freedom because he was treated badly. I am so impressed with the effort he put forth learning how to read and be a good writer. However, he regrets learnin... ...demonstrates that my experience did not benefit me from knowledge because I felt upset that if I have not known science, I would not doubt and my trust in God would not be at stake. Our knowledge is a key to our success and happiness in our life to give us personal satisfaction. Knowledge is power but not always. Sometimes our self-awareness and growth as an individual gives us negative thoughts that make us want to go back to undo it. Everyone wants to unlearn a part in our life that brought us pain and problems. Good or bad experiences brought by true wisdom can be used for our self-acceptance, self-fulfillment and these experiences would make us stronger as we walk to the road of our so called â€Å"life†, but Douglas’s and my experience about knowledge confirmed his belief that â€Å"Knowledge is a curse†. Both of us felt frustrated and sad from learning knowledge.

Marketing Techniques Essay

The main thing behind marketing in a business is finding the customer’s needs and produce the product/ services to satisfy their needs, this way the customer can choose what they would want included in their product/ service. A business that follows this rule is market-orientated. There is alternatives orientation for businesses, these are; The production concept: This is where the business produces in large quantities and distribute in bulk, this is so the customer/ business get the products cheaper as they will be bulk buying. A business that would do this is Walkers. They make thousands of packets and then sells them to large business such as Tesco, Tesco would be able to buy it for cheaper as they will be buying in a very large amount as they can stock allot of products. However charity shops will sell their products and with the entire surplus they send it off to the charity. An example of this is Oxfam, they will sell their products to the public and with all the surplus is sent off to the project they are currently on. The sales concept: Businesses need to know how to sell their products/ services. If they don’t know how to the business is likely to fail but if a business knows how to sell its goods/ sieves then it is likely to be successful. A type of sales technique is hard selling nor Tesco or Oxfam hard sell but businesses such as Anglian, Everest and Safestyle are usually hard sellers trying to get you to buy double glazing. As you can see some of the sales reps in these businesses have lied about the business just so they can close sales with people on the spot. The marketing Concept: Marketing concept is different to sales and production as it has to take every step with keeping customers in mind as marketing is based around customer’s needs and wishes. An example for this is Tesco they do this with their Tesco Club card every time you shop you swipe your card and the system knows what the customer purchased, so to bring back the customer they will mail you some vouchers which then makes the customer want to come back into the store and shop again. Another business that uses marketing is Curry’s when you purchase something the sales assistant take down your home address so if they have any offers which are similar to what you bought will send you letter informing you about any offers. Marketing definitions: Basic definition of marketing is meeting customer needs and wants profitably. Marketing consists of identifying, anticipating and satisfying customer requirements profitably. Objectives: Private sector The objectives for a private sector business are to maximise profits and expand all over the world. An example for a private sector business is Tesco. They have businesses in the UK and in America called Fresh & Easy. In the screen shot you can see Tesco’s objectives. Public sector The objectives for a public sector business are to provide quality service for the public. An example for this is the NHS as they provide health care for everyone. In the screenshot you can see NHS’s objectives. Voluntary sector The voluntary sector businesses objectives are to raise money for good causes. An example of this is Oxfam they aid anyone to donate any goods so they can sell them and send the money they produce from the goods they sell given to the public to projects they are currently on. As you can see this is one of Oxfam’s shops where they sell goods that have been donated by the public. Organisational objective This is a target for the whole business no matter how big it is. A good example of this is Tesco, Tesco’s objective may be to increase market share to 51%. Marketing objective This is how you are going to achieve it e.g. increase Tesco value products Tesco can produce their own products such as Ben & Jerry ice-cream they can produce a Tesco value version as some people may not be able to afford  £4 ice-cream so the people can buy the alternative which would help Tesco increase their profits. Link between organisational objectives and marketing objectives Marketing objectives shouldn’t be contradicting a business’s main objective, but should be contributing in achieving that. A business will not succeed if it’s been pulled apart in two different directions. An example of this is if Tesco want to increase their sales by a certain percentage then different functional areas have to contribute to achieve this such as advertising they may advertise products that are on offer or any seasonal products e.g. Christmas, new years or valentines. Tesco’s could also send out more offers with their Club Card meaning more customers may shop i n the business. By this way Tesco will be informing a lot more people that they have sales on which might bring more customers into the business. Market leadership This is where a business has the most market share in a given product or service, this could be measured by the amount of goods sold or the value of those goods. If a business wants to become a market leader they need to be 51% or more in sales for it to become a market leader. For example, Tesco is the leading supermarket in the supermarket market place as you can see in this screenshot (January 2012). Charity do no compete with market share as they all have similar aims and objectives but need maximum funds to stay in operation. Some charities will be more valuable then others depending on how much donations they receive. Oxfam is at the top along with cancer research UK, British Heart Foundation and many more. Brand awareness Brand awareness is making people aware of the business and what they do/ sell. Brand awareness is the NHS’s number one objective, they want all of Great Britain’s public to know what they do. Brand awareness may be an individual product or the whole business itself. Tesco may advertise their Tesco club card so people are more aware of the club card you can get when you sign up with them. Perceptions of customers A customer’s perception of a business or a brand often affects their purchasing decision. An example of this is a business might have a lot of brand awareness but their products might not be of the highest quality. This will make the customer not want to come back into the store as they are paying for a cheap quality product. Tesco has a reputation of selling goods a cheap price to everyone, if they start selling their products higher than their competitors then they are likely to lose out on customers and sales which are why they try keep their prices as low as possible. People may also decide to shop at Oxfam for clothes rather than buying clothes from the high street as they know their money goes to good use. Techniques: Growth strategies Businesses grow through their products/ services every time they put a product on the market more and more people will find out about the product. For example Tesco have been using growth strategies as they are expanding with their services, such as Tesco Money, you can now have a credit card with Tesco which people who may don’t normally do not shop at Tesco may have their Tesco credit card. Oxfam use growth strategies through advertising. Every time they advertise someone new will hear about Oxfam and how they are helping to take people out of poverty in third world countries. Survival strategies This is important for all business if they want to keep operating. The reason why Tesco are expanding into different markets is in case one market fails them they have other services which will help them keep out of making a loss for example if Tesco started making cars and sold a few thousand but then was not successful. They are likely to start making a loss but as they are successful in other markets they are unlikely that they would shut down. With Oxfam with all their stores open they can use them stores to survive. Branding Business need to have a strong brand image in order for them to survive. Providing high customer service will increase the brand image. Advertising is also a factor to increase the brand image. Tesco and Oxfam both have a very strong brand image as they are at the top of their tables Tesco is globally a very well known business and Oxfam is also globally well know as they operate in the UK and in third world countries. Relationship marketing Building a relationship with customers is very important for the business as they will think that the business cares about them. Tesco can build relationships with its customers at the tills, the cashier can communicate with the customer building a positive relationship. This is also the same with Oxfam when people buy products from the stores they are building a relationship with the business or if you support Oxfam through direct debit you will receive a welcome pack with updates every month about what the persons many is doing and how they are helping people in poverty.

Australopithecus

The fossilized remains of this 3 year-old early human child are often referred to as belonging to ‘Lucy’s baby' since she was found only a few miles south from where Lucy was found Lucy over two decades earlier, even though the child's fossil is actually 100,000 years older than famous Lucy. She is nicknamed ‘Selam’ after the Amharic (Ethiopia’s official language) word for ‘peace,’ and is the most complete early human child known up until Neanderthal times. Prior to Selam’s discovery, researchers knew very little about early human growth patterns as the early human fossil record consists of few children. Because Selam’s baby teeth erupted in a pattern similar to a three-year-old chimpanzee’s, researchers now know A. afarensis children shared a chimpanzee’s fast growth rate. But her brain size indicates that a human growth rate was evolving. CT-scans of her skull show small canine teeth forming in the skull, telling us she was female. Her partial skeleton is made up of a nearly complete skull and torso, and several limb bones—her legs indicate she could walk upright, but other skeletal features showed she could also climb trees. The hyoid bone beneath her neck looks ape-like, and her gorilla-like collarbone and long, curved fingers show significant tree-climbing. Image Credit: Zeresenay Alemseged

Education †Teacher Essay

The â€Å"education† has been derived from Latin words â€Å"Educare†. â€Å"Educare† means to train, to bring and lead out’, so we can say that education is to bring up, to developing and shaping up the individual talent and his inner potentialities. Definition: Education is a process in which and by which the knowledge, characters and behavior of the human being are shaped and molded. Education is lead to the enlightenment of mankind. According Imam Gzali Imam Ghazali said that education is a process which enables an individual to distinguish between the true and false, the good and bad, the right conduct and the evil doing. Educational policy: Education policy refers to the collection of laws and rules that govern the operation of education systems. Education occurs in many forms for many purposes through many institutions. For example early childhood education, two and four year colleges or universities, graduate and professional education, adult education and job training. Therefore, education policy can directly affect the education people engage in at all ages. Policy 1979 Page 1 National Education Policy 1979 By Roll No. 01,48,12,37,41 National Education Policy, 1979. On 29 March 1972 Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto announced the education policy. As a result all private education institutes were taken into national grip and brought changes in all other aspect of education. July 1977 General Zai-ul-Haq announced that new administration wanted to impose Islamic system. They considered it their aim. They believed that goals could not be achieved unless educational system based on Islamic system. For this purpose General Zia-ul-Haq conducted the conference of teachers, educationalist and of intelligent people. This conference gave recommendation for whole educational system. Muhammad Ali Khan announced this national policy. The main purpose of this policy was to impose education on Islamic system and to impose Urdu language by means of education. Main aim of the National Educational Conference 1979 was: ? Fostering loyalty to Islam. ? Creation of concept of Muslim Ummah. ? Promotion of science and technical education. Recommendation The main recommendation of the education policy of 1979 was following. 1. Elementary Education ? ? ? ? ? In coming five years 13000 schools will have opened Schools will have opened for those girls that were deprived from formal education Enable the students to stand on their courage Residential irony and training centers will have constructed for rural female teacher 5000 masjid will have constructed and books will have provided free of cost 2. Secondary Education ? 2000 new secondary institutes will have opened and converted 1000 middle schools into secondary institutes ? In the curriculum of secondary education new subject will have added ? Scope of secondary education will have intended so that students found take part in productive activities ? Secondary education will have considered from nine class to second year Policy 1979 Page 2 National Education Policy 1979 By Roll No. 01,48,12,37,41 3. Higher Education ? In selected girls colleges of all provinces post graduates classes will have started ? Valuation will have given to teachers of University to extend their education & professional training ? Scholarship will have given to intelligent students and teachers ? In coming five years no other new universities except women universities. New buildings of colleges will have constructed for girls and boys ? Provincial government will responsible to bear all expenses of universities Features: It was said in nation policy 1979 that education is a continuous process. Any educational policy cannot complete without education. Main features of recommendation are given below. 1. Masjid School It was planned in national educational policy that masjid schools masjid will have opened in these schools other subjects will have together alongside primary education. Moreover it was decided to open 5000 masjid school 2. Women Education It was recommended in policy to establish separate women university. Main point was to get attention of women towards education 3. Special Education It is also recommend in policy that central government will have prepared plans for the education of blinds, handicap able. Such person will have prepared to ea rn their livelihood 4. Establishment of private Institution In national policy establishment of private institute were allowed in this way education of inhabitants of country will have increased. Policy 1979 Page 3 National Education Policy 1979 By Roll No. 01,48,12,37,41 5. Mohallah Schools It was recommended to open Mohallah schools for those girls that could not get admissions in formal educational institutes. For this purpose 5000 school were opened 6. Religious Education Arabic will have compulsory up to 8th class. It will have taught as a compulsory subject 7. Village workshop schools It was recommended in policy to open workshops schools for those children who leave study. Main purpose was to enable them to earn their livelihood. 8. Medium of instruction It was planned in policy that all English medium school that get government aids will consider Urdu language as a medium of instruction IMPACT: 1. Clear foundation of education In national educational policy Islamic Ideology of life was considered as base of education 2. University Grants Commission It was decided in policy to give university grant commission to university to save their problems moreover it was said that government would bear expenses of university and these amount were given a grant commission 3. Urdu Language. It also decided in educational policy that all official work will have performed in Urdu language. It was compulsory for English medium schools that get government aids to adopt language selected bay provincial government Policy 1979 Page 4 National Education Policy 1979 By Roll No. 01,48,12,37,41 4. Islamic Madras’s According to the decision of national policy those people were held for public services that have certificate from Islamic Madras’s. in this way benefits of Madras increased and preached Islam 5. Teacher welfare Residential colony was constructed for rural teachers. For getting external & in internal education scholarship was given to teachers Milestones achieved by Education Policy 1979: 1. The medium of instruction was switched over to Urdu in government schools. 2. Private schools were allowed to have English as the medium of instruction. This led to the operation of two different systems of education within the country, one for those who could afford private education, and one for the rest of the nation. This two tier system contributed to a widening socio-economic inequity with the consequent feeling of injustice and resentment. 3. The policy of nationalization was reversed. 4. The private sector was encouraged to open schools. 5. The funding of universities was made through the Federal government. Suggested strategies to achieve goals of Policy: 1. Merging madras and traditional education. 2. Urdu as a medium of education. 3. Effective participation of community in literacy programs. 4. Linked scientific and technical education. 5. Separate instates for male and female. 6. Mosque schools. Implementation: This policy was not implemented properly and failed due to lack of planning and financial resources. Policy 1979.

Comparison Fo Marketing Strategies Essay

In this term paper we will compare two companies, Splash of Landmark Group and H&M, two leading fashion retailers in UAE. We will individually analyse the marketing strategies of the two companies and compare them to see which one is more successful in the UAE market. We will also suggest some recommendations for developing their strategies. Both of these companies have equally done very well with their marketing strategies in the past and even better in the year of 2008 while being under the influence of the economies downfall. Sustainability has been the main marketing strategy that has made H&M a highly successful business and continues to do so to this day . In the case of Splash, its marketing strategy consists of aggressive selling with various offers and promotions for its customers. The topic we have chosen to write about is important because Splash and H&M are well-known companies that are popular amongst young consumers. Learning about each marketing strategy will help educate us better on where they stand in the apparel industry in reference to others we know about. Comparing Splash and H&M hopefully will give us a better understanding about the two companies and how we can make their marketing strategies better. In organising our paper we will start out giving the brief overview about the two companies and further proceed to analyse each of their brand positioning, pricing , promotion, e-marketing etc. After the explanation and analysis of each strategy we will proceed to suggest recommendations for improving their strategies. H&M Evolution The history of H&M started with a man named Erling Persson, who was a Swedish former salesman that became fascinated with America’s high-volume efficient outfits that Barneys and Macy’s carried. Persson first discovered the outfits when coming to the United States after World War II. Persson brought the retail concept – that high turnover produced lower prices – and brought it back with him to Sweden. It was then that Erling chose to open his own store which he called Hennes, standing for â€Å"hers† in Swedish. During this time the store only sold women’s clothing. The company Hennes was established in 1947 in Vasteras, Sweden and by 1968 Persson had purchased the men’s sportswear inventory and property of a Stockholm hunting equipment store which was named Mauritz Widforss. Erling Persson then changed the name of his store Hennes to Hennes & Mauritz to express the expansion, and later downgraded to just the abbreviations H&M. By 1970 Hennes & Mauritz developed a children’s clothing line and by 1978 the store offered much of all family clothing. With Hennes & Mauritz offering a wide range of family clothing, it helped the company expand with the new generation of youth wanting to be able to express their individualities. Besides its Scandinavian base, Hennes & Mauritz expanded into the British market by by the later years of the 1990’s H&M realized that their company had better results in their European market than their Scandinavian market. In 2000 H&M finally came to the United States after historically being a European brand and set its dominance. H&M’s is known for being of good quality and of good price. The dresses from the house of H&M are conspicuous for the uniqueness of their designs and an appeal that is slightly off the beaten track. This company has dedicated online stores through which it serves fashion conscious and aesthetically inclined numerous men and women in US, UK and Europe with all the exquisitely designed apparel. SPLASH Evolution Headquartered in Dubai, Splash is the Middle East’s largest fashion retailer and part of the Landmark Group, one of the biggest retail conglomerates in the Middle East and India. Founded in 1993 as a single brand store in Sharjah, Splash has grown to over 125 Splash stores and 50 branded boutiques across ten countries. An ‘Eye’ for the latest global trends in fashion design offered at fabulous value is the soul of Splash which has carved a niche for itself as one of the most successful local players in the region’s high-street fashion category. Splash showcases popular collections for men, women and teens with a wide offering of fashion apparel and accessories to suit the customer’s every lifestyle need. Initially it was mainly a trading company, which used to buy and sell merchandise without any customization of the consumer offering. This trading focus continued till 1998 when the company started to evolve along the buying cycle. This buying focused approach saw Splash differentiate itself by selling products which were carefully selected to suit the needs and style preferences of customers. In the year 2000 the company progressed from a trading setup to a retail based organizational framework. In 2004 Splash started shifting its focus from being buying based, to a more product centric, design oriented approach which corresponded with the change in logo, to reflect the brand’s ambition to compete with the international brands present in the market. Design teams were created and frequent buying trips and trade show visits to every significant show around the world were arranged for the design teams. Splash progressively became a design oriented fashion retailer with a central focus on developing its own style for each collection.

International Accounting Standard Mib Water For All Essay

International Accounting Standard Mib Water For All - Essay Example With a daily average of 150-350 vendors, the company estimated that each consumer will need at least 1-litre clean drinking water on a daily basis. Within the first year, the company planned to acquire 50 water filters. After conducting an extensive market research, MIBW4A introduced its purified water products priced at USD 0.08 per liter. By only attracting 12% of the potential consumers, the company estimated daily average sales of 450,000 liters of clean water. Within the first year of operation, MIBW4A relies on hired expertise services from Blue Future Ltd to supply them with slow sand filters. However, to reduce the cost of capital, the company plans to manufacture their own filters at a cost of USD 250 per sand filter by the second year of operation. This would be more economical as it is relatively cheaper than importing each filter at USD 400. Other capital expenditures to be met by the company are associated with the acquisition of trucks and motorcycles to aid in ferrying equipment and technical staff to their workstations. By the end of the third year, the team planned to have 150 motorcycles at a cost of USD 2,500 per motor. In addition, MIBW4A planned to have 12 service trucks in good working condition by the beginning of the third year (Salzman, 2012, p.5). To determine the unit water pricing, it was essential for MIBW4A to depreciate their capital expenditures at the effective market cost of capital, which was helpful in determining the unit cost of distributed water.... Within the first year, the company planned to acquire 50 water filters. By the end of three years of operation, MIBW4A estimates their customer base to reach 3000, thus calling for acquisition of more filters in the subsequent years. After conducting an extensive market research, MIBW4A introduced its purified water products priced at USD 0.08 per litre. By only attracting 12% of the potential consumers, the company estimated daily average sales of 450,000 litres of clean water. Within the first year of operation, MIBW4A relies on hired expertise services from Blue Future Ltd to supply them with slow sand filters. However, to reduce the cost of capital, the company plans to manufacture their own filters at a cost of USD 250 per sand filter by the second year of operation. This would be more economical as it is relatively cheaper than importing each filter at USD 400. Other capital expenditures to be met by the company are associated with acquisition of trucks and motorcycles to aid i n ferrying equipments and technical staff to their work stations. By the end of third year, the team planned to have 150 motorcycles at a cost of USD 2,500 per motor. In addition, MIBW4A planned to have 12 service trucks in good working condition by the beginning of the third year (Salzman, 2012, p.5). To determine the unit water pricing, it was essential for MIBW4A to depreciate their capital expenditures at the effective market cost of capital, which was helpful in determining the unit cost of distributed water. All the capital expenditure items are expected to have a 15 year economic life span. The team used a straight line depreciation method to allocate equal depreciation costs to each item over its economic time. MIBW4A

CLASS ROSTER PROJECT and Summary Grade by Artifact Coursework

CLASS ROSTER PROJECT and Summary Grade by Artifact - Coursework Example Analogous to the hierarchical model only there's no parent/child difference. Any record kind may be linked with any number of dissimilar record types. Data quality and operations on the attributes are summarizing inside objects. Objects can inherit properties, can be widespread to form new objects, and are reusable. The O-O model is a quite original way of looking at things. Just remember that these are universal policy. Common sense will constantly require to be applied to check the excellence of the relationship modeling. Again this step is supposed to be done extremely methodically. A relation in 4NF that does not have a unite dependency. A link dependency occurs when a relation cannot be alienated into two (or more) relations such that the ensuing tables can be recombined to form the unique table. By means of normalization entire we know move on to step 3, where we step back at our normalized relations and see of there's any way we can logical combinations we can make to simplify the set, decrease overlap, and/or increase competence. One of the major complaints concerning relational databases is the intricacy of the relations themselves. That is, how everything's split out into every these tables. This is where we effort to reduce that difficulty.

Are emotion and reason equally necessary in justifying moral decisions Essay

Are emotion and reason equally necessary in justifying moral decisions - Essay Example (Westacott, 2006; Davis, 2005; Westacott, 2000) There are many considerations that build-up a person’s moral judgment. First, our conscience serves as our guide when choosing between something that is morally right or wrong. (Paunil-Ciabal, 2003: 23) It is also unavoidable that some of us may end up having to face a situation wherein we need to make a major life decision based on the principle of choosing the lesser evil. (Paunil-Ciabal, 2003: 33) Since we all have the freedom to make choices in our lives, some of us may end up deciding to act on something that may not be morally right in the eyes of another person. Choosing the action that does not fully promote humanity is never an easy task. Considering all the factors that may contribute to the development of moral decisions in each person, this study will examine and provide some real-life examples that will prove as to whether or not the application of pure emotions, pure logical reasoning, or both is necessary when it comes to the justification of a moral decision. Torturing or inflicting cruel acts on another human being is morally unacceptable considering that the act itself, regardless of its purpose, is considered as evil and inhumane. (Kershnar, 2004; Paunil-Ciabal, 2003: 33) Back in 2002, we have heard from the news about the story behind the American soldiers in Afghanistan, Guantà ¡namo Bay naval base, and Iraq wherein the prisoners were brutally tortured as part of their preferred â€Å"interrogation technique† in order for the American soldiers to gather more information with regards to the terrorists group that has attacked the Americans back in 2001. (Davis, 2005) Basically, the five possible reasons behind torturing another individual includes: (1) to make another person confess; (2) to gather sensitive information; (3) to intimidate another party; (3) as a punishment; (5) to make another person suffer for the personal satisfaction

Organizational behavior - interpersonal skills and managerial roles Essay

Organizational behavior - interpersonal skills and managerial roles - Essay Example The four functions of management are planning, organizing, leading, and controlling. Planning implies setting objectives and identifies the actions that must be performed to achieve the objectives (Schermerhorn, et al. 2003). Organizing involves dividing work structures into individual tasks and arranging the organizational resources to accomplish those tasks. Leading refers to the act of creating enthusiasm among the workers so that they work hard to accomplish tasks successfully (Schermerhorn, et al. 2003). Controlling is related to the act of monitoring the performance of the employees and taking corrective action whenever necessary. All the managerial functions are equally important. An important interpersonal skill that a manager must possess is good communication skills. The manager must be good at both written and verbal communication. He must use verbal communication to inspire and motivate the workers to achieve a higher level of performance. Employees that are properly motivated by the manager are more productive. A manager can motivate an employee by using intrinsic and extrinsic rewards. An example of an intrinsic reward is telling an employee he did a good job on a task, while an example of an extrinsic reward is offering a financial incentive such as a bonus. Managers must be good active listeners. â€Å"To listen means we not only understand what you have to say, we can practically apply your thought process back to you† (Nelson, 1995). They must have great writing skills because managers are required to write reports for the different stakeholders group of the company which includes lenders, suppliers, investors, employees, government, and the board of directors. Three essential skills that a manager must possess are technical skill, human skill, and emotional intelligence. Human skills refer to the ability to work well with